Bitcoin security budget · the fee record

When were Bitcoin's highest transaction fee periods?

Highest single day: 2024-04-20 at 75.2% of miner revenue. Best 30-day window: January 2018 at 26.2%. Longest run above 10%: 100 days, ending 2018-02-15. Today: 0.64%.

By halving epoch

EpochPeriodAverage fee sharePeak dayDate
Epoch epoch 12010-08-18 – 2012-11-270.21%3.6%2011-12-11
Epoch epoch 22012-11-28 – 2016-07-080.59%8.0%2016-04-26
Epoch epoch 32016-07-09 – 2020-05-106.35%43.5%2017-12-22
Epoch epoch 42020-05-11 – 2024-04-185.73%42.6%2023-05-08
Epoch epoch 52024-04-19 – 2026-09-072.26%75.2%2024-04-20

Sustained runs, which is the number that matters

ThresholdLongest sustained runEnded
Above 10%100 days2018-02-15
Above 20%40 days2018-01-31
Above 30%0 days
Above 50%0 days

The two events people cite

January 2018 is the highest sustained period: a 26.2% 30-day average during the end of that bull market, and the only time Bitcoin has held above 20% for as long as 40 days. 2024-04-20 is the highest single day, at 75.2% of miner revenue, driven by the Runes launch. It lasted days, not months, which is exactly the distinction that matters for a budget that has to be paid every block.

Why this page exists

Fee peaks are the most-cited evidence that fees can replace the subsidy. The record is worth reading directly rather than through either side’s summary of it. What it shows is real fee demand, arriving in bursts, that has never yet stayed. See what would be required.

Sources

Figures as of 2026-09-07 · generated 2026-09-08 from the same data file that feeds the FAQ’s sizing section. How these figures are computed · about & corrections. Machine-readable: data.json, history.csv. Dated permalink: /security-budget/2026-09-07/.